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Notable Temples of Varansi

Samarajeshvara Shiva Temple (Nepali Mandir)

Rana P.B. Singh

At the riverfront Lalita Ghat, a well-known wooden structured Nepali Temple (house D 1/67), in the pagoda style, represents an example of Pashupatinath temple at Kathmandu (Nepal). The temple was initiated by the Queen Maharani Rajyalakshmi of Nepal in 1841, and was completed in1843 by the patronage of King Rajendra Vikram Shah and the prince Surendra Vikram Shah. This is under the control of Guthi Institute, which maintains its repairing and conservation. The temple is on an octagonal platform, and a representative of tantric sculpture. Surrounding to the inner sanctum, there are four entrance gates corresponding to the four directions. In the inside exists the Narmadeshvara lingam ornamented by the serpents. In the northern wall is eighteen-handed image of Mahisasuramardini. All the gates are fully decorated with splendid carving flowering pitch around the divine images together with snakes and their hoods, rosary of human skulls—clearly indicating impact of tantrism.  In fact, the whole temple is predominated by the tantric influence, but it also spaced images of Vaishnava traditions like Surya, Vishnu, Ganesha, and goddess images like Vaishnavi, Varahi, Durga, Sarasvati (Brahmani), Maheshvari, Kaumari, and Indrani. Thus, altogether the temple represents an example of cultural and religious assimilation.

Sources

Eck, Diana L. 1982. Banaras, City of Light. Alfred Knopf Publ., New York.

Gutschow, Niels 2006. Benares, the Sacred Landscape of Varāṇasī. Edition Axel Menges, Stuttgart & London.

Lannoy, Richard 2002. Benares: A World within a World. The Microcosm of Kashi Yesterday and Tomorrow. Indica Books, Varanasi.

Margold, Harlan 1991. The Alchemist’s Almanac. Bear & Co., Santa Fe, NM.

Singh, Pratibha 2004. Śiva-Kāśi: Paurāṇic Paripekṣya aur Vartmān Saṅdarbh (Śiva-Kashi: Paurāṇic Background and Present Context). Vishvavidyalaya Prakashan, Varanasi. [in Hindi].

Singh, Rana P.B. (eds.) 1993. Banaras (Varanasi). Cosmic Order, Sacred City, Hindu Traditions. Tara Book Agency, Varanasi. [an anthology of 20 essays].

Singh, Rana P.B. 1994. Sacred Geometry of India’s Holy City, Varanasi: Kashi as Cosmogram. National Geographical Journal of India (N.G.S.I., Varanasi. ISSN: 0027‑9374/ 0944), vol. 40: pp. 189‑216.

Singh, Rana P.B.  2004. Cultural Landscapes and the Lifeworld. The Literary Images of Banaras. Pilgrimage and Cosmology Series: 7. Indica Books, Varanasi.

Singh, Rana P.B. 2009. Banaras: Making of India’s Heritage City. (Planet Earth & Cultural Understanding, Series Pub. 3). Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne U.K.

Singh, Rana P.B. 2009. Banaras, India’s Heritage City: Geography, History, & Bibliography.     [including Bibliography of 1276 sources, Hindu Festivals, 2006-15]. Pilgrimage and Cosmology Series: 8. Indica Books, Varanasi.

Singh, Rana P.B. and Rana, Pravin S. 2018. Kashi and Cosmos, India: Pilgrimage Circuit of the Panchakroshi Yatra; in, Olsen, Daniel and Trono, Anna (eds.) Religious Pilgrimage Routes and Trails: Sustainable Development and Management.  CABI Publishers, Wallingford, Oxon U.K.: pp. 167 - 179.

Singh, Rana P.B. and Rana, Pravin S. 2002. Banaras Region. A Spiritual and Cultural Guide. Pilgrimage & Cosmology Series: 1. Indica Books, Varanasi. 2nd ed. 2006; pp. 161-174.

Singh, Rana P.B. 2002. Towards the Pilgrimage Archetype. The Panchakroshi Yatra of Banaras. Pilgrimage & Cosmology Series: 3. Indica Books, Varanasi. 2nd Ed. 2011.

Sukul, Kuberanāth 1977 (Samvata 2034). Vārānasī Vaibhava. (The Glory of Varanasi). Rastrabhasha Parishad, Patna. [in Hindi].

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